Year | definition | source | 1989 | "the lexical and grammatical expression of attitudes, feelings, judgments, or commitment concerning the propositional content of a message" | Biber, Douglas and Finegan, Edward (1989, p.93) |
2005 | "... can be seen as an attitudinal dimension and includes features which refer to the ways writers present
themselves and convey their judgements, opinions, and commitments. It is
the ways that writers intrude to stamp their personal authority onto their
arguments or step back and disguise their involvement." | Hyland, Ken (2005, p.176) |
2009 | "... the ways that writers explicitly intrude into the discourse to stamp their personal authority onto their arguments. Stance is a writer’s community-recognized persona as expressed through his or her rhetorical choices, conveying epistemic and affective judgements, opinions and degrees of commitment to what they say." | Hyland, Ken (2009, p.111) |
2018 | "... refers to voice in its manifestations when writers express their feelings towards propositions (whether they like them, find them valuable, troubling, and so on) and where they also align themselves with respect to their truthfulness or academic worth" | Liu, Xinghua & McCabe, Anne (2018, p.21) |