| Data | source |
|---|---|
| born in Chester, England; graduated from University College London in English Language and Literature; travelled on Trans-Siberian Railway eventually ending up in Japan; started teaching English; eventually made contact with Palmer's IRET | Howatt, A. P. R., 1984 |
| born in Melville Cottage, Garden Lane, Chester; attended Chester grammar school; after graduation and marrying Ida Louise Arnold sailed to Japan to take up English Literature teaching job at Oita Higher Commercial School; | Cowie, A. P., 2004 |
| Hornby, A. S. (1959). The Teaching of Structural Words and Sentence Patterns: Stage 1. London: Oxford University Press |